What are the methods of laser welding

Apr 17,2023 | TOPTEK

According to different working principles and adapting to different processing scenarios, laser welding can be divided into five types: heat conduction welding, deep penetration welding, composite welding, laser brazing and laser conduction welding, as follows:

Project	Heat transfer to soldering	Deep penetration welding	Hybrid welding	Brazing	Laser conduction welding
Work principle	The laser beam melts the surface Compatible Parts, Fused Materials The material is mixed and solidified	Extremely strong led to the extension deep into the material keyhole shape become, generate and deepen Narrow weld	Laser welding and MAG welding, MIG welding, WIG welding or or plasma welding Connected combination	Laser beam plus hot match zero piece, thereby melting melted solder molten solder inflow to connection seam, join with parts	The laser beam passes through the matching parts for shooting, melt another absorbing laser zero pieces. When welding is formed when matching parts are Clamped
use laser	mainly solid-state lasers (continuous and pulsed), half Conductor laser	Mainly co₂ excitation optics, continuous Solid-state laser	CO₂ laser, continuous solid state excitation optical device	continuous solid laser, half conductor laser device	A semiconductor laser, Continuous solid-state laser
welding Material	Steel, stainless steel, and cobalt, copper, copper alloy, precious Metal	Steel, stainless steel, aluminum, titanium	mainly steel and aluminum	copper and aluminum	Plastic: thermoplastic materials, thermoplastic elastic body
Important work Art parameters	Laser power, power density degree, welding speed or Pulse duration, work The diameter of the beam on the part, the guarantee protective gas	Laser power, work rate density, welding speed, focus diameter, active gas and protective gas, filler (if required)	filler, laser power, power density speed, welding speed degree, active gas and protective gas, Auxiliary device parameters number	Brazing material laser power, feed power, on the workpiece Beam diameter	Material properties: Adsorption degree, transfer rate, dispersion radiation; laser power, beam shape and straight diameter, feed power, heat along the weld volume input
focus diameter	0.3-1 mm	0.1-0.6 mm	0.3-0.6mm	0.5-3 mm	1-2 mm
important quality Quantitative standard	Metallurgical properties, no defect, visible edge smooth surface on the edge, consistency	Metallurgical properties, no defect, required width and depth, low calorie input and distortion	Metallurgical properties, no defect, consistency	Smooth and no hole welding surface, strong degree, fusion, consistency	Strength, consistency, Impermeability
Mechanical and system	Manual workstation, based on coordinate laser equipment, robot	Coordinate-based laser equipment, machine robot, remote Light welding unit	Coordinate-based laser equipment, machine robot	Mainly the machine robot	Scanning optical system, Coordinate based excitation optical equipment, robot
application	The visible edge of the sheet metal edge processing; electronics and welding in precision engineering point; medical technology	Car body and transmission manufacturing, Housings, tubes and wheels Profile	Special steel construction, For example, the deck of a ship	Mainly steam car body	Consumables, automobiles automotive industry, electronics shell, medical technology

In heat conduction welding, the surface is melted

Deep penetration welding produces a vapor-filled hole, or pinhole effect

Laser brazing, laser welding with filler wire, active and shielding gases

The classification by product mix is shown in the figure below. Butt welding is required to be as seamless as possible, generally less than 0.05 mm. And the thinner the product, the stricter the requirements; the penetration welding gap requires the upper and lower layers to be as firm as possible, and the thinner the upper layer material, the tighter the fit.

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What are the methods of laser welding

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